Professor Sir Adam Roberts comments on effectiveness of sanctions

Professor Roberts says, There are very few cases where you can definitely identify sanctions as having had a success, except sometimes in combination with other factors, he says. Arguably they contributed something to the change in white minority Rhodesia that led to black majority rule; arguably the sanctions against South Africa were one factor that contributed to change there. But, he insists, sanctions were only one factor among many, including guerrilla opposition in the country itself. So, he concludes, it is impossible to say in either of these cases that sanctions were the decisive factor.

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Adam Roberts is Senior Research Fellow of the Centre for International Studies and President of the British Academy.