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Professors Nicolaïdis and Zielonka part of €3m research consortium on EU Differentiation, Dominance and Democracy

Professors Kalypso Nicolaidis and Jan Zielonka are leading the University of Oxford’s participation in EU Differentiation, Dominance and Democracy (EU3D), a €3m research project conducted by a consortium of eight universities and two think tanks based in ten countries, coordinated by The University of Oslo’s ARENA Centre for European Studies.


EU3D, funded by EU’s Horizon 2020 for four years from February 2019, seeks to develop a theory of differentiation that specifies the conditions under which differentiation is politically acceptable, institutionally sustainable and democratically legitimate, and the conditions under which it is not, for example when conditions of dominance prevail. EU3D will do this through comprehensive analyses of the multilevel EU’s institutional and constitutional make-up across a range of policy areas.

Prof Zielonka, Principal Investigator, and Prof Nicolaïdis will prepare two studies: one providing an overview and discussion of theories of differentiation; one on regional and local dimension to democratic reform. They will also host a workshop in Oxford.