Alternative dispute resolution involves resolving conflicts with the assistance of a neutral third party, offering a flexible alternative to traditional court systems. While its formal use is expanding in state-organised courts, informal methods of dispute resolution have long been common in various settings, from market operators to criminal actors. In many situations, extra-legal arrangements based on trust become vital when formal legal routes are impractical or unavailable.

Maki Fukuoka’s research and teaching interests are coordinated by two broad axes: histories of seeing and alternative modes of knowing. Her first book, The Premise of Fidelity: Science, Visuality and Representing the Real in Nineteenth-Century Japan, excavated how the notion of shashin, which came to be used for photography in the 19th century, circulated and articulated a particular need of knowing among the practitioners of materia medica. This paper focuses on contemporary photography, namely Tsuchida Hiromi's publication Fukushima (2018).

Maki Fukuoka’s research and teaching interests are coordinated by two broad axes: histories of seeing and alternative modes of knowing. Her first book, The Premise of Fidelity: Science, Visuality and Representing the Real in Nineteenth-Century Japan, excavated how the notion of shashin, which came to be used for photography in the 19th century, circulated and articulated a particular need of knowing among the practitioners of materia medica. This paper focuses on contemporary photography, namely Tsuchida Hiromi's publication Fukushima (2018).