When does identity matter for policy change? A theory of descriptive and substantive representation
Why are some new policy demands represented, while others are not -- even if both have widespread support? For example, the US Democratic party made higher education affordability a major section of its 2016 platform, while work-family policies, like paid parental leave and child care, remain largely relegated to the sidelines. In this paper, I propose a theory of identity and representation which explains why some issues go largely unarticulated by political actors, even when large groups want change.